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- Today's gold prices: Korea Gold Exchange purchase price for pure gold down 0.24%; KRX price up 0.29%
- Purchase price for one *don* (3.75g) of pure gold: 834,000 won (down 2,000 won from the previous day's final posted rate)
- Selling price for pure gold: 702,000 won (unchanged from the previous day's final posted rate)
- KRX gold price: 189,660 won (up 540 won from the previous day's closing price)
- KRX gold market: Rebounded slightly on the morning of the 23rd after a 2.20% plunge the previous day
- International spot gold: $4,325.03 (weakness driven by concerns over further Fed tightening)
- US gold futures: $4,362 (pressured by a strong dollar and high interest rates)
- Central banks expanding gold purchases; shifting relationship between real interest rates and gold prices
- China's gold imports exceeded 1,100 tons from January to August; sustained demand from ETFs and central banks

Domestic gold prices showed mixed trends on the 23rd. While the purchase price for one *don* of pure gold at the Korea Gold Exchange fell by 2,000 won compared to the previous day, the price on the Korea Exchange (KRX) gold market rebounded after plunging more than 2% the day before. International gold prices remained under pressure due to the possibility of further interest rate hikes by the US Federal Reserve and the strength of the US dollar.

Conflicting factors are currently influencing the gold market. High interest rates and a strong dollar act as a burden on gold, which does not generate interest income. Expectations for improved crude oil supplies in the Middle East are also dampening demand for safe-haven assets to some extent. Conversely, continuous gold purchases by central banks, investment demand for gold ETFs, and China's increased gold imports are providing a floor for gold prices.


¡Þ Price for one *don* of pure gold: 834,000 won... KRX Rebounds

According to the Korea Gold Exchange on the 23rd, the consumer purchase price for 3.75g (one *don*) of pure gold stood at 834,000 won as of that morning, down 2,000 won (0.24%) from the previous day's final posted price of 836,000 won.

The selling price for consumers remained unchanged from the previous day at 702,000 won for pure gold. Selling prices for 18K and 14K gold also remained steady at 516,000 won and 400,200 won, respectively.

Prices for platinum and silver rose. The purchase price for platinum increased by 6,000 won (1.73%) to 346,000 won, while the selling price rose by 5,000 won (1.78%) to 281,000 won.

Silver prices also saw gains; the purchase price rose by 150 won (1.22%) to 12,270 won, and the selling price increased by 130 won (1.27%) to 10,210 won.

Gold prices had fluctuated during trading the previous day as well. According to Korea Gold Exchange records, the purchase price for pure gold dropped from 840,000 won to 836,000 won on the 22nd. The selling price for pure gold also moved within the low-to-mid 700,000 won range during the session before settling at 702,000 won.

The KRX gold market rebounded on the morning of the 23rd.

According to the Korea Exchange, the 1kg gold product traded at 189,660 won per gram on the KRX gold market that morning. This represents an increase of 540 won (0.29%) from the previous day's closing price of 189,120 won.

The opening price for the day was 190,000 won. During the session, the price reached a high of 190,660 won and a low of 189,500 won. At the same time, trading volume stood at 22,932g, with a trading value of approximately 4.35417 billion won.

The market saw a significant drop the previous day. On the 22nd, the closing price on the KRX Gold Market was 189,120 won per gram, down 4,250 won (2.20%) from the day before. The opening price was 193,400 won, the high was 193,900 won, and the low was 188,820 won. Trading volume was 247,643g, and the trading value was approximately 47.24943 billion won.

The divergence in movements between the Korea Gold Exchange and the KRX Gold Market stems from differences in price formation and the timing of transactions. While the consumer price for physical gold reflects factors such as value-added tax and distribution costs, prices on the KRX Gold Market are determined by buy and sell orders on a per-gram basis. Consequently, even when based on the same underlying asset—gold—there can be differences in the magnitude of short-term price fluctuations.


¡Þ International Gold Price in $4,300 Range¡¦ High Interest Rates Weigh Again

International gold prices showed weakness as the market kept a close watch on U.S. monetary policy.

According to Reuters, spot gold fell 0.4% to $4,325.03 per ounce on the 22nd. U.S. gold futures also dropped 0.5% to $4,362. This decline was driven by growing market expectations that the Federal Reserve might maintain high interest rates for an extended period.

Market attention is now shifting toward the possibility of further interest rate hikes. The Fed recently raised its benchmark interest rate by 0.25 percentage points. The probability of an additional rate hike in December, as reflected in the CME FedWatch tool, has risen to around 90%.

Fed officials are also expressing caution regarding inflation. St. Louis Fed President Alberto Musalem and Chicago Fed President Austan Goolsbee hinted at the possibility of further monetary tightening, citing strong demand and the potential impact of energy prices on inflation. Richmond Fed President Thomas Barkin also noted signs of a strengthening U.S. economy and assessed that price pressures were not limited solely to shocks from energy costs or tariffs.

Rising interest rates generally work against gold. Unlike bonds or savings deposits, holding gold does not generate interest income. As interest rates rise, the appeal of assets that yield interest increases, thereby raising the opportunity cost of holding gold.

Movements in the U.S. dollar also influence gold prices. Gold is traded internationally in dollars; when the dollar strengthens, investors using other currencies face higher costs to purchase the same amount of gold. The recent combination of expectations for further rate hikes and a strong dollar has also capped the rise in gold prices.

The situation in the Middle East is having conflicting effects on the gold market. International oil prices have fallen to a two-week low as Saudi Arabia's oil supply conditions improved and Iran signaled a potential reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, contingent on the easing of U.S. military pressure.

A drop in oil prices can be positive for gold by alleviating energy-driven inflationary pressure, as slowing inflation could reduce the need for the Federal Reserve to tighten policy further. Conversely, if supply concerns in the Middle East subside, demand for safe-haven assets—sought as a hedge against geopolitical risk—may weaken.

This explains why gold prices this year have not reacted in a straightforward manner to geopolitical risks. While escalating tensions in the Middle East can boost demand for safe-haven assets, a rise in oil prices can fuel inflation, ultimately creating upward pressure on interest rates. In the gold market, two distinct variables—demand for safe-haven assets and monetary policy—are moving simultaneously.

International gold prices have fallen significantly from the highs recorded earlier this year. Spot gold hit an all-time high of $5,594.82 per ounce last January but is currently more than 20% below that level.

¡Þ Why Gold Prices Hold Firm Despite High Interest Rates: Central Banks Have Changed

Attention in the gold market is shifting beyond short-term price fluctuations to changes in the structure of demand.

Traditionally, rising real interest rates were considered a significant negative factor for gold. This is because bonds, which pay interest, become relatively more attractive than gold, which does not. However, recent trends show that gold demand is not contracting as rapidly as it once did, even when real interest rates rise.

In an interview with Kitco News, Indrani De, Head of Global Investment Research at FTSE Russell, analyzed that while rising nominal and real bond yields do place pressure on gold, historical relationships between interest rates and gold prices should not be directly applied to today's market. This is because the entities buying gold—and their underlying motives—have changed significantly.

The most notable shift involves central banks.

Prior to the global financial crisis, central banks were generally net sellers of gold, but they have since shifted to becoming net buyers. Recently, the pace of these purchases has accelerated further.

According to De, the volume of gold purchased by central banks over the past two to three years is more than double the levels seen between 2010 and 2021. Analysts suggest that the steady entry of central banks—a massive source of demand—into the market has dampened the impact of rising interest rates on gold prices compared to the past.

Central bank gold purchases differ in nature from those of ordinary investors. When interest rates rise, individual and institutional investors face a greater incentive to shift capital into interest-bearing assets, such as bonds or time deposits.

Central banks, however, prioritize the stability and diversification of their foreign exchange reserves. Their objectives include reducing reliance on specific countries or currencies and hedging against geopolitical risks. This explains why they do not immediately reduce their gold holdings simply because interest rates have risen. The growing share of demand that is relatively insensitive to interest rates is cited as a factor that has weakened the correlation between real interest rates and gold prices.

Changes have also been observed in the composition of foreign exchange reserves. Data shows that while the U.S. dollar¡¯s ​​share of global foreign exchange reserves stood slightly above 70% in the early 2000s, it has since fallen to the 55–57% range. Analysis also suggests that, in terms of current value, the volume of gold held by central banks has surpassed their holdings of U.S. Treasury bonds.

However, it is difficult to characterize this as a mass exodus from the dollar by central banks, primarily because there is currently no alternative currency that matches the dollar in terms of scale and liquidity. Rather than abandoning the dollar, the trend is better described as an expansion of gold's role within a broader strategy to diversify foreign exchange reserve assets.

While the pace of central bank gold purchases could slow from its recent, unusually high levels, analysts predict that central bank demand will remain a key pillar of the gold market, given continued buying across regions such as Asia and Latin America and persistent geopolitical uncertainty.

¡Þ ETF Demand Recovers Despite 2.63% Real Interest Rate

Shifts in the relationship between interest rates and gold prices are also evident in the ETF market.

Ole Hansen, Head of Commodity Strategy at Saxo Bank, highlighted the recent rise in the U.S. 10-year real interest rate to 2.63%—a level not seen in over two decades. The rate has climbed by approximately 0.76 percentage points since the beginning of the year.

Historically, such levels would have placed a significant burden on gold investors.

In fact, when major central banks aggressively raised benchmark interest rates between 2022 and 2023, rising real interest rates triggered capital outflows from gold ETFs. While central bank purchases supported gold prices, gold ETF investors previously reacted sensitively to high interest rates.

A different trend is emerging recently. Gold ETF holdings are recovering even as real interest rates climb to high levels. Analysts suggest that the relationship between interest rates and not just gold prices, but also investor capital flows, has begun to shift.

Fiscal risk is cited as one of the underlying factors.

Rising government bond yields generally enhance the investment appeal of bonds. However, if the rise in rates stems from concerns over expanding government debt or fiscal health, investor sentiment may change.

This is because high bond yields can be perceived not merely as an opportunity to earn higher interest, but as a signal of mounting government interest burdens and fiscal risks. In such scenarios, the role of gold—an asset not directly tied to the creditworthiness or currency of any specific nation—may regain prominence.

Analysts at FTSE Russell have also noted the importance of examining *why* interest rates are rising, rather than just focusing on the level of the rates themselves. They suggest that as fiscal burdens in developed nations grow and fiscal policy exerts greater influence on financial markets, the traditional inverse relationship between rising interest rates and falling gold prices could weaken.

The global economy¡¯s departure from the era of "cheap capital" that followed the financial crisis is another variable. The demand for capital is expanding as more sectors—such as artificial intelligence, infrastructure investment, the reshoring of production facilities, and the transition to eco-friendly energy—require massive funding.

It is difficult to assume that interest rate hikes driven by economic growth and productivity gains have the same impact on the gold market as those driven by concerns over government debt or inflation. This is why gold investors must look beyond the headline interest rate figures and consider the underlying causes of the rise.

¡Þ China¡¯s Gold Imports Top 1,100 Tons; Central Bank Continues Buying

China also serves as a key pillar supporting global gold demand. China's gold imports in August reached their highest monthly level of the year. Cumulative imports from January through August exceeded 1,100 tonnes, already surpassing the total volume of gold bullion imported during the previous year. This represents the fastest pace of imports seen since at least 2017.

Strong investment demand within mainland China drove local gold prices above international benchmarks, creating a greater incentive to import gold from abroad. A strengthening yuan also helped lower import costs.

China's demand for gold extends beyond physical bullion.

According to an analysis by Kitco based on data from the Shanghai Gold Exchange, gold holdings in Chinese gold ETFs increased by approximately 44 tonnes between January and August of this year—a rise of about 18% since the start of the year. This indicates that Chinese investors are adding gold to their portfolios even as the international gold market undergoes a correction.

The People's Bank of China (PBOC) is also continuing to expand its gold reserves. In August, the central bank added 20.2 tonnes of gold to its foreign exchange reserves, marking the largest monthly purchase since October 2023.

As a result, China's official gold holdings have risen to approximately 2,387 tonnes. China has increased its gold reserves for 22 consecutive months, adding about 80 tonnes between January and August of this year.

China's sustained gold buying aligns with the broader trend among global central banks to diversify their foreign exchange reserves. Demand for gold as part of a strategic asset allocation strategy tends to be relatively insensitive to market interest rates, regardless of short-term fluctuations in international gold prices.

The value of China's gold holdings has also risen significantly. The valuation increased from $306.35 billion at the end of July to $350.08 billion at the end of August, reflecting both changes in gold prices and additional purchases. Economic uncertainty and the investment climate are key factors driving strong demand for gold in China. Amid a sluggish real estate market, gold is emerging as a viable alternative for investors seeking ways to preserve their assets.

A distinctive feature of the Chinese gold market is the simultaneous presence of diverse demand sources, including physical gold imports, ETF inflows, and central bank purchases. Moving forward, factors such as domestic gold premiums, the value of the yuan, and import policies could influence global gold demand.

¡Þ Testing the $4,300 Support Level¡¦ Short-Term Direction Hinges on the Fed

In the short term, international gold prices are seeking direction around the low $4,300-per-ounce range.

Market analysis by Kitco identifies the $4,358 level—specifically whether the price rebounds from around $4,301 to surpass this benchmark—as the critical point determining the short-term trend.

If the price rises, the next resistance zones lie beyond $4,358, specifically around $4,393 and $4,433. Conversely, if it slips below $4,333, the $4,301 and subsequent $4,270 levels are identified as key downside markers to watch.

However, these price levels serve merely as reference points for short-term technical analysis. Support and resistance levels can shift rapidly based on comments from Federal Reserve officials, U.S. economic indicators, fluctuations in the dollar and Treasury yields, and news regarding the Middle East. This is why it is difficult to determine the direction of gold prices based solely on technical price levels.

Variables affecting gold prices should be viewed through both short-term and medium-to-long-term lenses.

On a daily basis, gold prices react quickly to Fed commentary, the dollar, U.S. Treasury yields, and international oil prices. In contrast, trends spanning several months or longer are more significantly influenced by factors such as the composition of central bank foreign exchange reserves, ETF capital flows, and demand from major consumers like China.

Currently, conflicting signals are emerging across these two timeframes. In the short term, the possibility of further Fed rate hikes and a strong dollar are exerting downward pressure on gold prices. In the medium-to-long term, however, demand from central banks, ETFs, and China is helping to absorb some of the downward pressure caused by high interest rates.

Other precious metals showed mixed performance in the international market. On the 22nd, the spot price of silver fell 0.5% to $65.68 per ounce, while platinum rose 0.7% to trade at $1,810.81. Palladium dropped 1.1% to $1,286.91.

In contrast, consumer prices for both platinum and silver rose on the morning of the 23rd at the Korea Gold Exchange. This demonstrates that international precious metal prices and domestic retail prices do not always move in tandem.

Domestic gold prices are also influenced by the won-dollar exchange rate.

Even if international gold prices fall, a weakening won can limit the decline in the domestic gold price when converted into local currency. Conversely, even if international gold prices rise, a strengthening won can dampen the increase in domestic gold prices.

When trading physical gold, one must also account for value-added tax (VAT) and distribution costs. This is why it is difficult to make a direct comparison between the consumer price per *don* (a traditional Korean unit of weight) at the Korea Gold Exchange and the price per gram on the KRX Gold Market. Because trading methods and price-formation processes differ, the specific prices that consumers looking to buy physical gold need to check differ from those relevant to investors looking to invest in gold.

In the short term, market attention is once again turning to the Federal Reserve. If expectations for further monetary tightening intensify, rising U.S. Treasury yields and a stronger dollar could put downward pressure on gold prices. Conversely, if international oil prices stabilize and inflationary pressures ease—thereby weakening expectations for further interest rate hikes—the opportunity cost of holding gold could decrease.

In the medium to long term, the key factor will be the extent to which demand from central banks, ETFs, and Asian markets—including China—can offset the impact of high interest rates.

A recent characteristic of the gold market is that price trends can no longer be explained solely by the fact that interest rates have risen. Central bank gold purchases have surged, ETF demand remains resilient despite high real interest rates, and China is seeing simultaneous demand across physical gold, ETFs, and central bank reserves.

The underlying reasons for rising interest rates have also become crucial. Investor sentiment toward gold can shift depending on whether rates are rising due to economic growth and productivity gains or because of concerns over government debt and fiscal instability. This explains why the traditional inverse relationship between gold prices and interest rates has become more complex than in the past.

Mixed trends were observed in the domestic market on the 23rd. At the Korea Gold Exchange, the purchase price for one *don* (3.75g) of pure gold fell by 2,000 won to 834,000 won; conversely, on the KRX Gold Market, the gold price—which had dropped 2.20% the previous day—rebounded by 0.29% during the morning session.

While interest rates and the US dollar drive short-term price movements, factors such as central bank reserve diversification, ETF capital flows, and Chinese gold imports and investment demand are identified as key variables that will determine the medium- to long-term trajectory of gold prices.

Real-time gold prices can be checked at the Korea Gold Exchange and the Korea Exchange (KRX) Gold Market.

/Reporter Park Sang-jin jhc@kjdaily.com
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